Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in low-income Brazilian preschoolers and associations with demographic correlates.

BACKGROUND: The importance of movement behaviors for health is well known, although few studies have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in low-income preschoolers from a middle-income country, as Brazil. This study reports the proportion of preschoolers meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines and investigates its associations with demographic correlates in Brazilian low-income preschoolers. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy preschoolers (132 boys, means age = 3.97 ± 0.80) provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X). Sleep duration, screen time, and social correlates were parent-reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/not compliant with the 24-hour movement guidelines. Relationships between compliance with movement behaviors guidelines and demographic correlates were calculated using a network analysis (Mplus 8.0; Rstudio). RESULTS: Preschoolers were active (273.52 ± 62.08 minutes/day of total PA), though moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the guideline (58.68 ± 22.51 minutes/day); spent more than the recommended 60 minutes/day on screen time (169.91 ± 97.07 minutes/day); and slept less than 10 hours per night (9.44 ± 1.12 hours/day). Only 3% of the sample complied with the guidelines. PA showed the highest compliance (43%), compared to sleep duration (35%) and screen time (15%). Male sex was related to adherence to MVPA recommendations, while female sex, with adherence to total PA recommendations. Child's primary caregiver was the most important centrality indicator in the network. CONCLUSION: Only 3% of the assessed preschoolers are compliant with the 24-hour movement behaviors guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to movement behaviors among low-income preschoolers should consider child's primary caregivers to support movement behaviors.

Evidences of construct validity, criteria and validation of the motor competence assessment batery of tests in preschoolers / Evidências de validade de construto, critério e fidedignidade da motor competence assessment em pré-escolares

ABSTRACT The literature has evidenced the need for validation studies of motor tests to assess motor competence (MC). Luz et al (2016) proposed a battery of tests, that is, the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) to evaluate MC in Portuguese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the evidences of this MCA validity in a sample of Brazilian preschoolers, in addition to assess the correlation between the MC results obtained through MCA and the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). 251 male and female preschool-age children from six reference Centers in Early Childhood Education in the city of João Pessoa-PB participated in study. Data were collected by using MCA and TGMD-2. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed two models, one of them with appropriate adjustment indexes. The interclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.77 and 0.96, which indicates an excellent reliability; the correlation between MCA and TGMD-2 was significant with a moderate magnitude (r = 0.57, p <0.01). The structure of three latent variables of the MC construct in the MCA was confirmed by the CFA. However, a two-dimensional model is suggested. MCA and TGMD-2 seemed to measure similar aspects of MC. Reliability enabled us to conclude that the MCA protocol applied to preschoolers maintains temporal stability.

RESUMO A literatura tem evidenciado a necessidade de estudos de validação de testes motores para avaliação da competência motora (CM). Assim, Luz e colaboradores propuseram uma bateria de testes Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) para avaliação da CM em crianças e adolescentes portugueses. Objetivou-se investigar as evidências de validade da MCA em uma amostra de pré-escolares brasileiros e testar a correlação entre resultados da CM avaliados com a MCA e o Test of Gross Motor Development -2 (TGMD-2). Participaram 251 pré-escolares de ambos os sexos, de seis Centros de Referência em Educação Infantil de João Pessoa-PB. Os dados foram coletados por meio da MCA e do TGMD-2. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) mostraram dois modelos, um com índices de ajuste adequados; Os coeficientes de correlação interclasse variaram entre 0,77 e 0,96, indicando confiabilidade excelente; a correlação entre a MCA e o TGMD-2 foi significante com magnitude moderada (r = 0,57, p<0,01). A estrutura de três variáveis latentes do construto CM na MCA foi confirmada pela AFC. Entretanto, sugere-se um modelo bidimensional. A MCA e o TGMD-2 parecem medir aspectos semelhantes da CM. A confiabilidade permitiu concluir que o protocolo da MCA aplicado a pré-escolares mantém estabilidade temporal.